PA Department of Education Guidelines for De-Escalation and the Use of and Reporting of Restraints in Educational Programs provide direction and assistance to schools and parents regarding the use of de-escalation and restraint procedures. The special education regulations, 22 Pa. Code Chapter 14 and Chapter 711 were amended and became effective in 2008. The Chapters set forth requirements and procedures for the delivery of special education services and programs. The new provisions in 22 Pa. Code Chapter 14.133 and Chapter 711.46 requires that behavior support programs and plans be based on a functional assessment of behavior. Restraints are only to be considered as a measure of last resort, only after other less restrictive measures have been used.